Last Updated 11/06/97 13:01

March 12, 1997

gmh      JUDICIARY AND PUBLIC HEALTH      2:00 P.M.



PRESIDING CHAIRMAN: Representative Lawlor

MEMBERS PRESENT:

SENATORS:           Coleman, Upson, Gunther, Cook,

                    Harp, Williams



REPRESENTATIVES:    Scalettar, Farr, Dandrow,

                    Doyle, Jarjura, Nystrom,

                    O'Neill, Sauer, Winkler,

                    Dickman, Donovan, Fleischmann,

                    Nardello, Orange, Pudlin, Ryan





REPRESENTATIVE LAWLOR:  The public hearing has started.
Basically, by way of explanation, we have some out-
of-state speakers who participated in the morning
forum who will be speaking at the outset of today's
meeting.  Then we have members of the public who
have signed up as well to speak.  And normally it's
our procedure in the General Assembly, although
this is not the normal type of public hearing where
we actually have bills before us.  This is an
informational public hearing.



In this particular process, we are asking people to

talk about their views on our existing drug policy

and provide us with suggestions on how me might go

about formulating more effective solutions.



We are joined or will be shortly joined by members

of the Public Health Committee and this is an

opportunity to make some suggestions.



One reminder to people who don't normally come

here, everything that is said in these public

hearings is re-broad cast throughout the building.

So there are legislators who are not here who are

listening in their offices.  Also a verbatim

transcript is made of all of the testimony here

today and although you are not testifying on

specific bills, I can assure you that the testimony

will be kept with the drug policy bills as they

move through the legislative process.



I know Doctor Lewis has to leave early and he has a

very short slide presentation, so I would like to

call on Doctor Lewis first to proceed.



DR. DAVID C. LEWIS:  Can we dim the lights at all?



REP. LAWLOR:  Yes, we can.



DR. DAVID C. LEWIS:  Not turn them off, but just dim

them a little bit.  That would be helpful.



First, thanks for the privilege of inviting me and

my background is a medical professor and head of a

research institute at Brown University, but I

worked on the health care reform with the Hilary

Clinton Task Force and I am aware of the research

on cost benefit and treatment outcome and have also

participated as the director, Medical Director, of

an addiction hospital in the care of lots of drug

addicts.



What I am going to present today briefly, is some

information on the problem, what treatment

intervention does for the problem and what some of

the options are for government in terms of policy

and in particular, the balance between the criminal

justice approach and a public health approach

because we need to achieve, in my view, a better

balance of these two and we need achieve more

better balance with more emphasis on a public

health approach.



Now, the situation, as you all understand it, is

emergency room visits for hard core addiction and

addiction problems and drug uses are increasing.

Overdoses are soaring, substantially greater and

continue to go up.  The need for treatment,

particularly in urban areas has increased while the

budgets for treatment have decreased.



SEN. UPSON:  Drug overdose in those two areas -- cocaine

and (INAUDIBLE - MICROPHONE NOT ON)



DR. DAVID C. LEWIS:  Yes.  And the amphetamine group and

the stimulant group.  Drug arrests are very

disproportionate still by race and not only

arrests, but incarceration and this is the

incarceration rates, sentencing disparities between

Black and White and they are pretty dramatic.



So there are inequities in the administration of

justice.  Offenders are overcrowding federal

prisons and others will speak to the situation in

each state, but with the existing laws in many

states that passed some version of "three strikes",

the fastest growing new population in many of these

prisons are addicted and women among them being the

fastest growing of the addicted population.



And you can see the trend there in the federal

prison population which has continued upward since

these slides were made and the Federal Drug Control

budget basically has the majority of its emphasis

on international interdiction and law enforcement

and the minority, in demand reduction which

includes treatment and prevention.  And most states

have followed suit.



Going backwards and I want to go forward.  Okay.

Now, what's been in the news lately is the increase

in teenage marijuana use and that's seemed to have

gotten more press than anything else.  It is

interesting during this period of time -- I mean,

the first responses were not tough enough somehow.

We should toughen up and do more.  But the

situation is interesting for marijuana because in

the same period, roughly, the people are talking

about teenage marijuana use doubling, there were

more arrests for marijuana possession that there

were for cocaine and heroine combined.  And what I

am saying here is that our policy does not follow a

health model and pharmacological model, but follows

a historical model built on prohibition from

alcohol and a kind of hangover from the prohibition

of alcohol with drug prohibition.



SEN. UPSON:  Is that for teenagers or everybody?



DR. DAVID C. LEWIS:  That's for everybody.



Now a lot of the force behind the criminal justice

approach is to control supply.  And unfortunately

it hasn't worked very well. It hasn't worked for

source country, it hasn't worked for interdiction

and it hasn't worked on the street too well either

in terms of controlling supply.  This shows that

cocaine prices are dropping despite the

international control efforts.



So the supply effort is difficult and is flawed.



Another thing that is a problem with our drug

policy nationally and in every state, is that this

is a complex matter.  An addiction really is multi-

drug and multi-issue.  Gambling is involved.

Alcohol and tobacco, as you know, are big league

products when it comes to the production of drug

dependence and problems.  It turns out that the

strongest of all the addictions in terms of relapse

rate is nicotine.  Drugs that are relatively

available and much less relapse with drugs like

heroine or even cocaine.



If we compare causes of death in the United States,

there is about 2 million people that die each year,

about half of that group, one million or so, die of

lifestyle causes and here is the list of lifestyle

causes with tobacco, heading the list.  Alcohol

coming next for the drugs and the elicit drugs,

quite far down on the list, 20,000 versus 400,000

to tobacco.  I think it is very hard to have a

national drug policy that focuses mostly on so-

called "illegal drugs".  I don't think that makes

sense to our youth, particularly when it comes to

drug education.



These are the attributable risks to various kinds

of drug and alcohol use and as you all know, there

is a very substantial health risk associate with

all of this, but particularly with nicotine and

with alcohol.



The good news is that substance abuse treatment

works and it's powerful medicine to bring down

health care costs.  Not only does it bring down

health care costs, but it brings down cost in the

criminal justice system as well and in crime.



There is one study that I would like to show you

which compares the different kinds of approaches

and in a sense, is comparing certain criminal

justice approaches with certain clinical

approaches.



How much money would you have to invest every year

to accomplish a one percent decrease in cocaine

consumption?  In the comparative study done by the

Rand Corporation shows you that your investment for

source country, eradication of cocaine, is very

high, 783 million a year and for interdiction,

sealing the borders or attempting to seal the

borders, 366 million.  For domestic enforcement,

246 and for treatment, 34.  So it's a relative

bargain.  Twenty-three times more cost effective

than source country.



What can you do on a state level?  I would say that

expenditure on drug treatment is probably the most

effective, single community anti-drug kind of a

(INAUDIBLE) that you can do.  You probably save

more money and you probably reduce more crime by

making treatment on demand.



Interestingly enough, the State of Minnesota had a

consolidated plan where they increased their

treatment budget trying to offset it from savings

in the health system and the criminal justice

system.  They spent $50 million and they got 80%

back within a year.  And most of the return on

their investment, was in DWI arrests and other

arrests.  In other words, the criminal justice

system part or the crime related part were the

biggest savings.  And similarly in California, they

got $7 back for the taxpayers for every dollar they

invested in treatment and most of those savings

were crime related savings. Some of them were

health related savings.  The important thing to

understand about Minnesota, California, and other

places where these studies have been done, is the

savings are almost immediate.  They recouped 80%

within a year.  The reason is as soon as anybody

gets into treatment, it becomes an anti-crime

measure.  They are under cover and the crime rates

drop right away.



So you don't have to evaluate them one or two or

three years out to see what they are doing.  It's

an infective intervention.  And this state approves

it and Minnesota and other states have had a

similar experience.  You have to compare your

budgets.  You have to know it's in the criminal

justice budget and in the health budget.  You have

to do the kind of analytical work in the budgets so

you understand how you save from one to the other.

But the costs benefits and the cost offsets are

very substantial.



The influence on prevention is profound. We have

now an education system that says don't use any

drugs.  We don't have an education system that

says, if you do use alcohol, don't drive.  We want

to say, don't use alcohol, don't drink.  If you do

drink, don't drive.  We just stop and say don't

drink and teenagers are drinking.  So we have this

kind of try and die, what I call, "try and die"

drug education.



We've got to get more realistic about it and look

at drug harms as well as drug use as a criteria and

we have to reform our prevention and education

system.  Not only making treatment more available,

but making education more realistic.



In closing, we can take our current approach and

ask ourselves three questions.  Do you think we've

won the war against drugs?  Do you think that the

current strategies are winning the war against

drugs?  And lastly, do you think doing more of the

same will ever win the war against drugs?



I maintain that we need a fresh look at a public

health approach to this problem.  State

legislatures have to put money into this because it

is cost beneficial and you will see the results,

not only in the return of dollars, but in the

return of healthier communities.



I would like to leave with the committee four

reports, which I think will be informative.  The

one is called, "Keeping Score" which is the report

from which I got the slides that were projected.

Another is called, "Fixing a Failing System - How

the Criminal Justice System Should Work With

Communities to Reduce Substance Abuse".  Another is

"Health Reform for Communities", the report that

was made up by a project of the (INAUDIBLE) Johnson

Foundation for the health care reform debate and

last, "Implementing Welfare Reform - Solutions for

the Substance Abuse Problems".



So, Representative Lawlor, I would like to leave

these for the use of the committee.



REP. LAWLOR:  Our staff will take them, Doctor.



DR. DAVID C. LEWIS:  Thank you.



REP. LAWLOR:  Thanks very much.  Ladies and gentlemen,

normally we don't have demonstrations in our public

hearings for or against the speakers and hope you

would appreciate our concern in that regard for

future speakers.



Was there any questions for Doctor Lewis?

Representative Farr.



REP. FARR:  I am a little confused by some of your

message.  Your message seems to be that the drug

situation in America has gotten worse.  My

understanding is that drug use is half of what it

was in 1980.  Then your message is it has gotten

worse because we spend too much on prisons and when

I look at your slides, we also spend significantly

more than we ever did on treatment and education.



So is your suggestion that the criminal justice

system, by trying to prevent the sale of drugs, is

increasing the use of drugs?  Could you please

reconcile those two concepts?



DR. DAVID C. LEWIS:  I'm not sure it's achieving

society's aims.  Let me say that while drug use may

have been dropping, until the recent increase in

teenagers, let's say during the 80's, the problems

related to drug use were going up.  So the use is

dropping, but let's say harmful use is the main

criteria we look at.



So if you look what happened to the AIDS epidemic

in terms of drug related AIDS, if you look at what

happened to some of the crime rates related to

drugs, particularly violence, including domestic

violence, if you look at the problems related to

drugs, they have been going up continually and hard

core addiction has been increasing during the whole

time.  The biggest growing budgets are around the

criminal justice system, not around the treatment

system.  As a matter of fact, managed care has

pretty much decimated a big part of the treatment

system, particularly for middle class addicts.  So

I think the data is not what you are presented to

be because the drug use is not the only measure of

success.



Now I am not saying that the criminal justice

system is the fault of the problems related to

drugs.  I'm saying that we haven't put enough

emphasis on a public health model that could, I

think, achieve a different result and a cost

effective result.



So I am being very pragmatic in terms of what I

think will work for government and I am presenting

data that show that that's a good investment and

also that show that our large expenditures in the

criminal justice system, particularly for

incarceration, while it seems like a good thing, is

not really paying off in terms of an anti-crime

measure and it is certainly not paying off in terms

of helping people get better from their addiction.



REP. FARR:  Well, we could debate this.  Obviously, the

crime rates are dropping in America.  They are

dropping in this state.  The issue of the AIDS

epidemic doesn't appear to me that the relationship

of the change in the drug usage because the AIDS

got into the community of intervenous drug users

and it wasn't there and once it got in it spread.

But I think the major issue is and what we ought to

focus in on is where we cost effectively spend our

money.



The concern I have with one of the reports that we

had from our own Program Review was that 58% of the

people that go into drug programs that the State

operates, 58% don't even complete the programs and

that is sort of alarms me.  When people say we need

more spots and yet people aren't completing the

programs right now.



I know in the alcohol area there was testimony last

year that in some of the de-tox units we were told

that we needed more spots for alcohol de-tox and

then there was testimony that some people have gone

through de-tox as many as 100 times during the

course of the year and I guess my concern is that

how do we measure which programs we ought to be

investing our dollars in, in a systematic way

because I am not convinced that we are doing a very

good job on that.



DR. DAVID C. LEWIS:  It's a good question.  I think,

understanding the nature of addiction, is to

understand the problem of relapse.  Obviously, if

you de-tox somebody once and they never relapse, it

would be a pretty easy score to treat addiction.

We wouldn't have an addiction problem in this

country, but the fact is as anybody knows who has

tried to quit smoking, and who has a drinking

problem and tried to quit drinking, it's not easy.

So we have to really put time, effort, energy and

the whole self help movement to play to try to help

people.



In terms of treatment outcomes, it very much

depends on who goes in.  So if you take a tough

population like an urban street population that has

a history of prison and criminal involvement, you

are going to have a tougher time trying to

rehabilitate these people in the treatment system.

That's no surprise.



If you take somebody that hasn't lost too much from

their addiction, they are going to do better.  So I

think what you have is a system where the

evaluation of the effectiveness of programs very

much depends on the population they take on.  And

this is very important in understanding the

Medicaid reform that you are going to be involved

in that sometimes the outcomes reflect the work

with the tougher population and they won't be as

good as other programs that take care of

populations that are doing better in the first

place.



If you then correct for those, you find basically

the treatment works really well, much better than

the public tends to think it does.  The public

tends to see the relapses.  If you have an

alcoholic in your family, you tend to see that they

don't get better, very easily or somebody tries to

quit cigarettes, you get frustrated with that or

the less familiar situation to the public, is the

heroine addict and cocaine addict and since it's

less familiar, you figure these people never quit,

but as somebody who has taken of about maybe 8,000

heroine and cocaine addicts, it's surprising how

many heroine addicts clean up their act and some of

them don't on methadone maintenance and go for long

periods of time being productive working citizens.



So, to understand the treatment outcome, you have

to understand the different populations that are

getting treatment, what you can expect from it,

what your investment pays for, and what the

outcomes are and I think we have more research on

treatment outcome for alcohol and drugs than we do

for a lot of other diseases.  It's only that the

burden of proof and I experienced this very much in

working with trying to reform the health care

system, the burden of proof is greater for those of

us that work with addictions than for any other

area.



REP. FARR:  First of all, I think it was Mark Twain that

said, "giving up smoking is the easiest thing in

the world", he had done it 1,000 times.



But I guess my concern is that at some point -- I

understand that treating addiction is to expect

failure because people do fail and there are

relapses and stuff, but there is some point where a

person goes 100 times in the course of a year

through de-tox, you begin to wonder whether there

is a wise investment in your money for that

particular individual.  I know you can say, well

maybe eventually you will turn around, but if it

costs you a few thousand dollars --



DR. DAVID C. LEWIS:  One hundred times -- we used to

say, statistically, that it was the fifth or

seventh admission in our hospital that got the

heroine addict better.  It more or less had to run

its string.  First (INAUDIBLE - MICROPHONE NOT ON)

it wasn't 100 times, it was more like six or seven

times for people that were the worst effected.



The 100 times tends to produce a certain kind of

revolving door and a special kind of cost and here

in Connecticut and those of us in Rhode Island have

solved this by longer term care facilities,

different kinds of facilities than the more

expensive hospital based treatment.



So that's a very special population.  It accounts

for about two or three percent, at most, of the

whole population and you match that kind of problem

with a particular kind of health intervention,

which involves fairly low cost, long term and you

have that in Connecticut and Connecticut has some

of the best programs in the country of that sort.



REP. LAWLOR:  Other questions?  Representative

Scalettar.



REP. SCALETTAR:  Thank you.  Doctor Lewis, good

afternoon.



This morning an issue came up about prevention as

opposed to treatment strategies and I was wondering

if you have any experience in that and you could

speak to what kind of prevention initiatives are

successful with these populations?



DR. DAVID C. LEWIS:  Well, I think if we had to vote on

what we would prefer to do, in terms of policy

implementation, most of us would pick prevention.

I mean, we would like to save everybody the trouble

as an anti-crime measure, as an anti-addiction

measure.  So I think that is one thing we can all

agree on.



Then we come to a fundamental problem which has

partly to do with the definition of what the

problem is.  If you say drug use is the problem,

then prevention means no drug use in a drug free

society.  If you say drug harm is a problem, then

prevention is intended to reduce harm.



So it can deliver a clear abstinence message, but

also, as I said before, try to say if you are going

to use, use to do the less harm to yourself, the

least harm to yourself and particularly, the least

harm to others.



So the fact of the matter is that drug education

that simply says, "Just say No", when it's

evaluated, doesn't seem to ring true with

teenagers.  I mean, there has been a major effort

in the schools going in with a very hard policy

line that says all or none.  There is nothing in

between.  Just say no.  Abstinence.  Don't use

drugs.  You are talking to students that are

drinking, that are smoking marijuana, and they

don't believe the risks that are really there.



So I think you have to say, okay, look -- some of

you are going to use these drugs.  We don't want

you to use these drugs.  We don't think any of you

ought to use these drugs, but if you do use these

drugs, this is what you have to know about these

drugs.  That becomes a more credible message.

That's not the kind of message we are delivering

and I think that's a mistake all the way across the

board.



Some idea and I use the drinking example -- if you

say, don't drink and stop, if you go further -- if

you say don't drink and stop, that's pure, that's

okay.  But if you say, don't drink, but if you do

drink, for heaven sense, don't drive, that somehow

saying that encourages people to drink.  There is

no evidence for that.



So I think what you've got to realize in

prevention, at least when it comes to education,

that the message has to be realistic and it has to

be true and communities have mobilized in a number

of national projects to produce prevention efforts

that have been extremely helpful because they have

intervention and they have alternatives,

particularly for kids that have time on their

hands, for unemployed that need help in getting

jobs.  So that's another kind of prevention that is

very important and a number of large scale projects

have shown that this is effective.  And we just

haven't invested much in that kind. We have

invested a lot of money, including recently, I

think, $350 million in a campaign on television --

$175 million.  A lot of money -- $175 million

nationally for a public television campaign to

increase the all or none message and I don't think

that's where we ought to be putting our resources.



REP. SCALETTAR:  You mentioned that there are some

communities that are doing more innovative and

successful programs.  Do you have examples of

those?  Can you tell us where they are, if not

today, then just --



DR. DAVID C. LEWIS:  Yes.  As many of you know,

Bridgeport was one of the community programs that

was at the core of the Robert (INAUDIBLE) Johnson

Fight Back Program and I think some of the

communities that are involved in that Robert

(INAUDIBLE) Johnson Fighting Back Program

nationally and with the community coalitions that

were sponsored by the Center for Substance Abuse

Treatment, are very good examples and what I can

do, rather than just name a few cities is I am on

the National Advisory Committee for that Fighting

Back Project.  Why don't I send you, for the

committee, a report, a recent report of the various

communities and what they have done and that

probably will answer your question better than my

just tossing off a few names?



REP. SCALETTAR:  That would be helpful.  Thank you very

much.



DR. DAVID C. LEWIS:  Okay.



REP. LAWLOR:  Are there other questions?  Senator

Gunther.



SEN. GUNTHER:  You know, all morning I have heard about

this being a health program and yet I think the

least input that you get is with the health systems

of our state, the data.  We should have a total

data bank and you people right now with the report

that is coming out, wants to put it in OPM, the

data on health care, as I understand it.



Why isn't all the emphasis put into the health

program for treating this disease and the effect it

has on total health care in the State?  We will

never recognize that until we get a total health

bank on health care.



Now, do you have any feeling towards that?



DR. DAVID C. LEWIS:  Well, I think each state has their

own data management systems.  The really important

thing is to recognize the relationship of these

data banks and to have them kind of collaborate, if

you will, with one another.  So that you can see

not only what the cost effectiveness is of

interventions of the health system, but their

effect on other social and community kinds of costs

and that becomes pretty important.



And then you understand why, for instance,

providing certain critical social services along

with health services are the way you want to go in

terms of your budget.  Otherwise you wouldn't see

that if the social services budget are separate.

And I used the example of the criminal justice

budget or the justice budget and the health budget

being totally separate.  So it's not simply being

able to use analysis on the health side, which is

very desirable, particularly as managed care comes

in and you want to see if their cost savings are

just a hit and run one year operation, or long

term, but you would want to actually build up a

relationship among those data bases and that's very

hard for both states and federal government to do.

It's a tough call, but until we do that, we won't

be able to see the relationships and what people

really need until we do that kind of analysis.



SEN. GUNTHER:  But unfortunately, I think what is

happening is just the opposite of what it should

be.  If you had a total health program, then you

would have this data into a basic bank and then you

could draw on that and the other fragmentations.

We are fragmented all over a ten acre lot even when

it comes to the education program and I've heard

this comment.  We have had education for how long

under the Educational Department in this state to

teach kids not to drink, not to use drugs.  Teenage

pregnancy.  It don't work under the Education

Department.  It's a health issue.  Maybe if the

Health Department handled that and taught them the

effect on their health, maybe we could get

something in a basic data base.



Have you any comment on that?



DR. DAVID C. LEWIS:  Not further than what I have

already said.



SEN. GUNTHER:  Have you ever thought of that?



DR. DAVID C. LEWIS:  You are making my point, actually,

better than I can make it.  So I am not going to --

I am not going to interrupt you.



SEN. GUNTHER:  The only trouble is try to talk to -- in

our process up here.  We have people that want to

put the health data base into the Insurance company

or into the Insurance Commissioner, I am sorry, not

the company.  You know, you get all this

fragmentation --



DR. DAVID C. LEWIS:  The issue of private and public

data become even stickier because they privacy

concerns.  So I am not going to -- this is such a

treacherous area when you talk to what's

proprietary information and what ought to be

government information.  The fact of the matter is,

unless we figure out a way to do what you are

talking about, to see what our real costs are, it's

going to be very hard to do really sensible

budgeting and everybody should be aware of the --



SEN. GUNTHER:  When do we have the guts enough to say,

look, let's get a total data base on health.  You

people are making the case for health and I will

admit that I listened to my good friend, John

Bailey there and he and I -- I think we do a little

dancing around on that.  I like John Bailey's

approach because I think it's about time after

listening to your speeches this morning that we

realize that by having AR and have youthful

offenders have a cop out on getting after the drug

program, somebody up here ought to -- and I have to

point to my lawyer friends here -- will maybe

change the AR and the youth and when it comes to

drugs and get down to brass tacks, do you think it

will happen this year?  John, you are nodding your

head yes, but you mean no, don't you?



JOHN BAILEY:  My point is that it should happen.  If we

have these programs, there should not be a way to

cop out.



SEN. GUNTHER:  I agree with you. Let's let the law side

of it handle it.  Let's have the health side take

and do the data and the background, maybe we can

get somewhere with it.



Have I said enough?  I get a cold breathe on my

neck if it isn't Vinnie Chase.  He tried to

outweigh me.



REP. LAWLOR:  Senator Upson.



SEN. UPSON:  You stated that, for example, if you said

something in school that if you drink, don't drive.

What would you say if in front of students about

marijuana use?



DR. DAVID C. LEWIS:  Don't use marijuana, but this is

what you ought to know about the drug.



SEN. UPSON:  What would you -- go further.  What would

they have to know about it?



DR. DAVID C. LEWIS:  Don't drive.  Same thing.  What it

does about coordination.  I certainly wouldn't

recommend -- if I am not recommending someone use

it as a teenager, that's what I am recommending.

If they do use it, I sure would tell them not to

drive.  I wouldn't tell them that it causes cancer.

I wouldn't make things up.  In other words, I would

try to stick as close -- I would try to stick as

close to what we know about the science as

possible.



SEN. UPSON:  Okay.  Thank you.



SEN. GUNTHER:  Could I make a --



SEN. UPSON:  No.



SEN. GUNTHER:  -- quick follow up on a remark you made?

It might be good to tell that it could produce

cancer.  I don't know if you have ever read, "Keep

of the Grass" by Doctor Nahas, but he has done some

documentation of stuff that's done for years and

incidentally, there is a generic effect on the DNA

by marijuana.  They ought to know about these

things and that's a health program and we get back

to health.



DR. DAVID C. LEWIS:  But if the science isn't right,

eventually people get very cynical about the

propaganda.  So the problem of saying that

marijuana leads to cancer is two problems for

teenagers.  One, that's way down the pike and

second, most people are occasionally users of

marijuana and they are never going to use it enough

to even dream of getting any kind of a cancer.  So

they know and they sense it's funny.  The sense

that it's coming from an authority, they begin not

to trust the authority.  I think we undermine our

whole system when we kind of slap science in the

face and make things up about drugs and portray

them as a lot more dangerous than they really are

by making up stories.



There are plenty of dangers to drugs that are

realistic and scientifically proven.  We ought to

stick to those.  That's all I am saying.



SEN. GUNTHER:  Yes, but the same argument --



DR. DAVID C. LEWIS:  Cancer isn't one of them with

marijuana.



SEN. GUNTHER:  Mind you, we scream and yell about

tobacco as a great cause for cancer and that, but

everybody ignores the aromatic hydrocarbons that

are coming from trillions of gallons of gasoline

that are pumped out every day out on your roadways.

And yet, that has no affect on cancer.  Is one of

the major carcinogenics.  We ignore that.



REP. LAWLOR:  Further questions?  Yes, Representative

Dandrow.



REP. DANDROW:  Good afternoon and please excuse me not

being able to make this morning's presentation.  I

did watch part of it on t.v. and I had another

commitment.



As the past co-chairman of Program Review, we did

an intensive study on the State's substance abuse

policies for juveniles and youth and there was a

series of recommendations that was made within the

report.  Some of that really bothered me

tremendously was that less than half of the young

clients who complete the substance abuse treatment

programs and not only that say half didn't complete

them, but also 70% showed no improvement or even

said some even got worse with respect to their drug

use and addiction.



Now, why would you think that would -- the

addiction would worsen rather than become better

after being even involved for a short time in a

program?



DR. DAVID C. LEWIS:  Well, I am not sure the addiction

is worse.  I mean, adolescents are the tough part

of this thing, it doesn't matter what we are

talking about.  We are talking about criminal

justice programs.  We are talking about treatment

programs. We are talking about prevention programs.

The fact of the matter is it is an unstable time

and people are getting into what amounts to a

natural history of up and down drug taking.  Some

of them are getting addicted, most of them are not.

Some of them are into all kinds of other

dysfunctional activities and many of them have

seriously psychiatric (INAUDIBLE).



So to focus just on the drug piece, is usually a

mistake.  You really have to understand the

adolescent population you are talking about when

you do these evaluations.  There are many

adolescent populations that are really disturbed

and the drug thing is just a symptom of their

disturbance.  There are adolescent populations in

which the only thing for them in their community,

it seems, is the drug taking.  There is no other

activity.  There is no other employment and they

really get fowled up with that.



So without knowing exactly what populations made up

the data -- I wouldn't conclude until I know a lot

more about it that the drugs cause the problem and

that the intervention made it worse.  I would want

to know what other things were going on with those

kids.  That particularly true of adolescents.  Less

true with adults, by particularly true of

adolescents.



REP. DANDROW:  Do you think that there is a tendency, a

genetic tendency to use substance abuse if it's

been in the family before or is it an inherited

tendency?



DR. DAVID C. LEWIS:  I think the only information on

inherited tendencies have to do with the likelihood

of development dependence if your father and mother

was also drug dependent.  That's particularly true

with alcohol where the most information is

available like identical twins separated at birth

and one placed in a family of drinkers and one not.

They will tend to develop alcoholism based on their

genetic parents and not in their foster placements.



So we have a number of different kinds of data that

indicate that the risk for developing alcoholism in

children of alcoholics that drink, particularly

alcoholic fathers is about five to six times

greater than the general population.



There is some information that some of that occurs

on the drug side with heroine, but it's much less

powerful than for alcohol.  It hasn't been studied

nearly as much.  There seems to be a combination of

genetic and environmental influences applied which

is the case of almost of every one of the

behavioral traits.  Either it is over eating, or

any of the things that you are familiar with that

have a big behavioral counterpart.  Environment

plays a very, very big component even in those

people that have a strong genetic influence.



So environment, if you had to pick one or the

other, is still the key even though a lot of this

stuff seems to have a genetic vulnerability.



REP. DANDROW:  And if I can ask one more question.

There seemed to be a tendency for substance abusing

mothers, particularly, to drop out of programs and

then they get their child back and go back home.

Now meeting with a group of them, they absolutely

positively assured me that even though there were

using substance, they were able to care adequately

for their children and their children were in

wonderful, safe environments.  I doubt seriously if

you can be a substance abusing mother and

adequately care safely and correctly for your

child.



Your comment.



DR. DAVID C. LEWIS:  Even if you can, I don't think

that's the kind of way to go.  I mean, basically,

what are the alternatives for those women?  I

visited a program recently in Cleveland.  It was

very interesting.  It was for women like that and

the issue was when they got their children back and

it really was a facility where they had

intervention and treatment in a good day care

center and they put the two together and the women

did spectacularly well.  So, the question is

partly, are you leaving these people without help

and just bargaining over the legalistic pros and

cons of whether they get their kids back or do you

have the programs available which might allow them

and their children to benefit.



So I have seen some very good programs in the area

and that would be my first kind of line of defense.



The theoretical issue, can you still be functioning

well and taking drugs, particularly with alcohol,

the most is known how many people in our society in

big league responsible situations, function with

alcohol with well known with marijuana. Even in the

situation of heroine addiction and some cocaine

addiction, if you know who the people are that are

middle class and well jobbed and well situated in

society that are using these drugs, it's pretty

hard to demonetize the thing across the board.



It's not a good argument for a mother and a child,

but to say that all drug use has got to result in

dysfunction, isn't what the science is about.

However, the answer is to get the kind of treatment

and intervention that works for the mother and the

child and since you see good programs that do that,

that would be my first of going about it.



REP. DANDROW:  I would appreciate it if you could send

me any information you have on those programs. You

could send them to the committee.



Thanks you.



DR. DAVID C. LEWIS:  I will send it.



REP. LAWLOR:  Other questions?  If not, thank you very

much, Doctor.



DR. DAVID C. LEWIS:  Thank you.



REP. LAWLOR:  Next is Frank Hall from the Department of

Corrections.



FRANK HALL:  I want to thank the members of the

committee and the Chairman for this opportunity to

speak.



My name is Frank Hall and I am a District Program

Manager with the Department of Correction, the

Addiction Services Unit and I have about 24 years

of experience in correctional substance abuse

treatment and the reason I am here today is I sat

in on the meeting this morning I wanted to

emphasize the need for substance abuse treatment

within the Department of Corrections.



I see -- well I worked for the Department for

almost 24 years and I see treatment within the

Department of Correction as kind of the last resort

of many of the inmates that we deal with.  For the

most part, people who have been through the

treatment systems either on a pre-trial basis and

were not able -- you know, for whatever reason did

not complete the treatment program. These are

people as Mr. Bailey alluded to who have committed

more serious offenses and who do not qualify

programs such as the Alternative Incarceration

Program.



As been discussed today, and I don't want to be too

redundant, but addiction is a chronic relapsing

disease and a major health problem. There are two

factors -- two important factors that affect the

outcome of the disease. One is denial.  Basically

most people who have an addiction don't accept or

don't realize they have a problem.  Also another

factor is resistance to treatment.  Many of the

people who are abusers as a result of their denial

are not interested into getting into treatment

until they are forced to.  Most cases it is either

their family members, their job, or the criminal

justice system that forces them to the realization

that they have a problem and they need to do

something about it.



And I also want to point out that these factors are

not unique to addiction.  I am sure many of us know

people who have suffered say, a heart attack who

continue to smoke.  They are denying they have a

problem.  They think they can continue to do what

they did before and come out with the same results.

I think it was kind of interesting on the

presentation that Doctor Lewis made earlier and he

had a series of questions about the drug war and

one of the phrases or approaches that we use in

drug treatment is we say to the client that if you

expect to do what you have done before in the same

way, and you expect different results, then you are

really insane.



So, in order to change your lifestyle, in order to

become drug free and lead a productive lifestyle, a

person has to change their feelings, the way they

think and their behavior.  It's a long process.  It

is not easy.  Many of the people that we deal

within a department of corrections have lengthy

criminal and substance abuse histories, going back

or 10 or 15 years.  You can't expect that you put

somebody in prison for two years and they have no

treatment, you can't expect they are going to

change their behavior.



As has been pointed out earlier today, 80% of the

inmates within the Department of Corrections are in

need of substance abuse treatment.  Unfortunately,

-- well, treatment is not a priority within the

Department of Corrections.  Public safety and

security are and I understand those important

needs.



Currently, less than 5% of the Department's budget

is spent on substance abuse treatment.  We, at any

given time, are able to provide services to about

1,800 inmates in varying levels of treatment.  And

that's about 13% of the population that is in need

of treatment.



As has been documented this morning and this

afternoon, substance abuse is highly correlated

with criminal behavior, domestic violence, child

abuse, HIV disease and other societal problems.



One of the things about why I am here today is to

emphasize the need for treatment within the

Department of Corrections is that incarceration for

all of its -- I guess, negative effects on a

person's life, I think presents a unique situation

for the individual to change their behavior.

Usually people talk in treatment about hitting

bottom.  Usually, I think, most people would

construe that once you are put in jail, you hit

bottom.  So for those people who have not been a

minimal to treatment prior to be incarcerated, were

able to provide an opportunity for these

individuals to change their behavior.



Now, fortunately as has been documented earlier,

substance abuse treatment works.  It's cost

effective and it's critical to public safety.

There was a report that was completed a couple of

years ago by the California Health Department.

They found for that every dollar invested in

treatment saves $7 in other related health costs.



Substance abuse treatment reduces criminal

behavior.  We have completed studies, outcome

studies within the Department of Corrections, one

in particular at the Women's Treatment Facility for

a -- it's a long term six month treatment program

for inmates who enter that program and completed

it, the recidivism rate after 18 months was only

about 27%. The recidivism rate for those inmates

who were involved in no treatment was 70%.  So the

results are very clear.



We have also done other outcome studies that have

shown that other levels of treatment have also been

effective at reducing criminal behavior.



There is another study that should be out soon that

continues to demonstrate that effectiveness.



What I am asking is that treatment in Corrections,

one, be given an opportunity and also that we

strive to maintain, at a minimum, the current

treatment services that are being provided.  I

realize that resources are scare within this state

and there is a lot of competition from a variety of

areas in terms of the various needs within this

state that deal with the various ills of society

that we deal with. And what I am asking is that

substance abuse treatment within Corrections be

given a consideration.



Thank you very much.



REP. LAWLOR:  Are there questions?  Representative Farr.



REP. FARR:  Good afternoon.  On the treatment.  What

form of treatment do you give to --



FRANK HALL:  Well, we have a variety of treatment

interventions which we utilize and I will try to go

over it very briefly.



We have what we call a tier structure. There are

four tiers.  The first tier is basically just an

intervention where we provide four to six sessions

for mostly inmates who are at the direct admission

facilities.  The purpose of that is really just to

explain them the consequences of substance abuse

and provide information about programs within the

Department of Correction.



The next level of treatment we have is called Tier

Two. That's where we -- it's an intensive out-

patient program.  Now when I say out-patient, that

means the inmates live in general population and go

to a central location to receive the treatment

services.  That program is basically provided two

to three times a week in a group session and it is

two to three months in length.



The next level is Tier Three.  It's is what we call

day care program.  It is four to six months in

length.  Persons involved in a treatment group on a

daily basis.



The last and most intensive and probably the most

successful is what we call Tier Four.  It is a

residential program.  Inmates are housed in a

separate housing unit.  There are currently six of

those programs operating within the Department of

Corrections.  Inmates are involved at a full-time

program for a period of six months.



And so basically the treatment consists of skill

development, teaching skill so they can live a more

productive lifestyle, obviously more law abiding

lifestyle, providing information about substance

abuse, helping them to learn how to deal with

particular problems that they encounter in life,

and the general focus is individual and group

counselling, primarily.



REP. FARR:  A couple of more questions about that.



FRANK HALL:  Sure.



REP. FARR:  Do you have -- do you use Methadone at all

in the present --



FRANK HALL:  Currently, the Department of Correction

does not use Methadone maintenance.



REP. FARR:  And there has been proposals that -- to

offer Methadone for patients. The clients are

either short term or long term who are going to be

leaving the system and the testimony the other day

was that in New York they did that and 90% of the

people who started taking the Methadone showed up

at a Methadone clinics when they got out.  And the

Department hasn't -- is not doing that and doesn't

have the assets, the funds to do that.  Is that

right?



FRANK HALL:  Well, let me express my own personal

opinion regarding Methadone maintenance.  I

personally am going to have a problem providing

Methadone maintenance within a correctional setting

and part of the reason is that our current

treatment system is based on the abstinence

philosophy and that philosophy, basically, means

that if you want to become drug free, then that

means you can't use any drugs at all. So, providing

Methadone maintenance is obviously contradictory to

that philosophy.



I think it would be difficult from a treatment

perspective to provide a contradictory type of

treatment approaches within a correctional setting.



I certainly have no problem with Methadone

maintenance in the community.  And if there are

individuals who are appropriate for that type of

treatment, and want to become involved in it, upon

their release to the community, then I think we can

set up a system of assessing those individuals and

making the appropriate referral.



I think one of the other problems with the

Methadone maintenance within a correctional setting

is -- I know some of the proposals have to deal

with people who are in a pre-trial basis.  Well,

obviously the problem is you don't know whether

these individuals are going to be sentenced or

released.  If they are sentenced and they are

placed on Methadone maintenance, then they would

have to be taken off of Methadone maintenance.



So I think there are some clearly some operational

problems in terms of having Methadone maintenance

within a correctional setting.



REP. FARR:  I guess the problem is that the program that

was described in New York was one that if you get

somebody on Methadone in prison where they have no

alternative, that once they are on it, then there

is a great incentive to go to the clinics once they

get out.  But if you tell them, well when you get

out, walk out the door, there is the clinic -- next

to the clinic is somebody selling or down the

street is somebody selling heroin, you know, they

are most used to heroin than they are the Methadone

and they are going to -- they tend to go back to

the heroin and they don't show up at the clinic.



FRANK HALL:  Let me also say that if the Department

decided at this point their position is not to

support Methadone maintenance, but I think this

question probably could be better answered by the

Director of Health Services because if it were to

be administered, it would be -- since it has to be

administered by physicians it would really be

operated within that unit rather than the Addiction

Services Unit.



REP. FARR:  Right.  I have two other questions.



FRANK HALL:  Sure.



REP. FARR:  One is the drug use in the prison systems --

do you monitor -- do you do urine tests?



FRANK HALL:  Yes, within all of the drug treatment

programs, we conduct urinalyses on a random basis.

There is also, in all of the -- what we call Level

Two facilities which are minimum security

facilities, random drug testing is conducted.  And

there are consequences for use of the substance.

There is a disciplinary process that would ensue if

a person was found to be using substance.



Let me say, in addition to that, also the

Department uses dogs who come in and do -- they use

dogs for searching inmate cells.



REP. FARR:  A quick question for you, though.

Percentage of people that show up having used drugs

in the prison -- do the random checks, what kind of

percent do you show that come up showing that they

have used drugs?



FRANK HALL:  That are positive?



REP. FARR:  Yes.



FRANK HALL:  I am not -- I don't really have access to

those particular statistics.  I don't know if I can

really help you on that.  I can say that in the

past when --



REP. FARR:  Let me just ask you -- we have to kind of

cut it short.  If somebody could get me the data, I

would like to see some data on that so that I have

an understanding how frequently drugs are used

there.  Also, if you could later supply me with

some data as to the cost of the various drug

programs you are now doing, if you have that.



FRANK HALL:  Sure.



REP. FARR:  Okay.  Thank you.



FRANK HALL:  I will be glad to provide that part.



REP. LAWLOR:  Thank you very much.



FRANK HALL:  Thank you very much.



REP. LAWLOR:  Oops.



REP. DANDROW:  Yes.  Just one quick question.  All of

the programs that you have described, they are

available to women at the Niantic --



FRANK HALL:  Yes.  Basically at -- well now they don't

call it Niantic anymore.



REP. DANDROW:  Right.



FRANK HALL:  It is called the York Correctional

Institution.  There are basically two correctional

facilities located there.  York is the maximum

security and what they call York East now is the

minimum security.  There is a Tier Four program at

York East and there is a Tier Two Program at both

facilities and there is also a Tier One at the York

Maximum Security.  So there is basically three

levels of treatment programs that are available for

the women.



REP. DANDROW:  And there is an adequate number of women

enrolled?



FRANK HALL:  Their programs are all full.



REP. DANDROW:  They are all filled.



FRANK HALL:  Almost all of our programs are at 100%

capacity.  In fact, there is -- you know, the

waiting lists are quite lengthy for --



REP. DANDROW:  That was my next question.  Is there a

waiting list?



FRANK HALL:  There are waiting lists for all the

programs.  The other thing I wanted to comment on,

I know there was a comment earlier about -- I

believe Representative Farr mentioned about the

completion rate.  And I would say that within the

Department of Corrections, the completion rate for

most of our programs is over 60% and I think part

of the reason is that involvement in the treatment

program is often somewhat of a pre-condition for

release to the community.  If you complete a

program you are going to be in a better situation

in terms of an inmate being released to the

community.



So there is an incentive, obviously, to complete

the program and make yourself, as an individual,

more eligible for release to the community.



REP. DANDROW:  Thank you very much.



FRANK HALL:  Thank you.



REP. LAWLOR:  Thank you.  If there is nothing else,

thank you very much.



We are trying to accommodate the members of the

public and some of our invited guests so we are

going to alternate back and forth between the two

lists in an effort to get through in a timely

fashion.



So, going for once to the public list it will be

Yolanda Redin and she will be followed by Susan

Patrick, who I know is accompanied by some other

individuals.



Yolanda Redin.



YOLANDA REDIN:  Hello.  I thank you for letting me talk.

I am a recovering addict myself.  I have been

through the system.  I was a prostitute.  I do have

AIDS.  It took me until I was in my 30's until I

even started drugs, I had any kind of a record at

all.



As far as the prison, yes, Niantic does have

Methadone treatment -- six days they de-tox you

starting at 25 milligrams and I don't know if any

of you can understand the de-tox or know how it

feels, but unless you have been through it, it's

the worse picture of the worst type of flu you ever

had, like the sweats and the diarrhea and the

throwing up and stuff like that.  And when you are

picked up you are put into a cell, okay. Say if it

is a long holiday weekend -- I've been picked up on

a Friday.  I have seizures when I go through

withdrawal, brought to the hospital, given seizure

medication, but nothing for withdrawal and have to

spend Friday, Saturday, Sunday, Monday. So by the

time I go to Niantic on Tuesday, it doesn't show it

in my urine so they don't want to give me

Methadone.  I don't think they should de-tox they

way they do.  I think they should continue people

on the Methadone at one rate.  I feel that no

matter -- for me, it was like in and out of jail --

in and out of jail because I went in jail, did my

few months, came back out and the urge is always in

you.  You know, you -- basically all the girls that

I have known, their thing is to come out and get

high again.  And that's where I was until I hit

dirt bottom.  I got PCP pneumonia and I was

admitted in the hospital like seventeen times.  I

wasn't out more than 10 days and I would be back

admitted to the hospital.



I've been in the Methadone program.  I have been

three years clean.  I do believe that they should

open up and have easy access because I have read

some percentages of people who do get on Methadone

treatment which it shouldn't be at my -- when I was

out, it was a nine month waiting list.  So by the

time you got to the top, you were already in jail.

You know what I am saying?



But now it's down to two weeks or three weeks and

it shouldn't even be that.  It should be immediate

if you want the Methadone, you should be able to

take it.



They say over 80% that get off the Methadone go

back to drugs, you know.  I know for myself, it

shows in my record I have been clean all these

years.  I found a good man. Doesn't have AIDS.  Got

a beautiful home in Windsor Locks and I am living

with him now.



I think it's unfair the way they put you in the

jail and let you de-tox like an animal.  If you

call for a sheriff they tell you to shut the hell

up.  I think somehow they should be able to give

them Methadone while they are sitting in the cell,

especially on a long weekend.



I don't think they should de-tox you within six

days.  I ended up with 104 fever trying to de-tox.

The doctor came into my room once.  They kept me in

ice-packs, okay.  I seen a girl die because it was

time for lock-up and nobody came to open the door.

We were banging and they threatened to give us

extra time lock-up.  The girl died in the shower

with vomit all on herself.  It was an hour before

they found her.  I seen a girl choke on ice, okay,

before she got a Methadone and she choked to death

between the vomit and that.



I just feel there are a lot of things unfair.  When

you have AIDS even now, I mean, if I say I have

AIDS, the gloves come on up to here and you know

and just put the mask on.  You cannot catch it

unless I have an open cut bleeding and you've got

an open cut or with sexual ways you can catch it.

Unfortunately, people are ignorant.  A lot of

people are ignorant to the fact of AIDS.



I don't know.  It is rough out there in those

streets.  It is basic survival and for me it was in

and out.  I did that program he was talking about

in Niantic.  Within a couple of weeks they threw me

out because I had an argument with a girl, okay.

It wasn't helping me anyway.  There were drugs

brought in.  I got high while I was in there.  A

girl went out on a weekend and came back with some

coke and dope.  I was in lock-up.  The dope was

brought right through, okay.  You know, and the way

it is done is they bring it up through whatever way

they have to which is really kind of dirty, but if

you want to get high, you don't care.  Do you know

what I am saying?



The cops talk down to you.  There was a cop out

there at one time.  He would just stop you to

disgrace you, call you all kinds of names.  Tell

you to not breathe on him. He doesn't want any of

your germs of you know, the guards.  There are

guards that actually get drugs for you if you do

something for them, you know, things like that and

all that would be unnecessary if they would just

look more into the Methadone program and how it

works for people.  I know it has done wonders for

me.



REP. LAWLOR:  Yolanda, how long has it been since you've

been out of Niantic?



YOLANDA REDIN:  Over three years.  Since I have gotten

clean on the Methadone program.  Deborah who is

with me, she was 17 years out in the streets in New

York and in Hartford.  Once I got clean I knew her

and the bum she was with who was taking half her

stuff and I basically got her out of the shooting

gallery and she has been clean for a couple of

years now.



REP. LAWLOR:  That's great.



YOLANDA REDIN:  And you talk about 17 years of drug use.

Okay.  She is on Methadone. She's got take homes

like I do.  I've got five take homes from staying

clean.  I am also on 300 milligrams of morphine a

day because of the AIDS and my hepatitis in my

liver.  Clonapin.  It doesn't phase me.  I used it

-- what is that -- three bundles I have it.  I

couldn't get out of bed unless my works and stuff

were ready.



REP. LAWLOR:  And where do you live and where do you

have to go to get your medication?



YOLANDA REDIN:  Obviously, you work the streets in

Hartford.  When they did that five day spread in

the Hartford Court --



REP. LAWLOR:  Yes.



YOLANDA REDIN:  -- I agreed to show Mary Otto around

Hartford.  I introduced her to girls only because

it was told to me that they were going to open a

house for the girls where they would have a place

to sleep, rest their head, get a meal because you

would go days -- I used to be like 110 pounds when

I was out there.  Get a meal.  Get some advice

about AIDS.



REP. LAWLOR:  What about now?  Are you getting

medication now or Methadone or anything like that?



YOLANDA REDIN:  I am on a Methadone program.



REP. LAWLOR:  And where do you go to get that?



YOLANDA REDIN:  I go on 345 Main Street.



REP. LAWLOR:  In Hartford?



YOLANDA REDIN:  In Hartford.



REP. LAWLOR:  And you live in Hartford?



YOLANDA REDIN:  No.  I live in Windsor Locks.



REP. LAWLOR:  Windsor Locks.  Okay.



YOLANDA REDIN:  Yes.



REP. LAWLOR:  So how do you get back and forth?  Do you

drive?



YOLANDA REDIN:  No.  I get a cab.



REP. LAWLOR:  Every day?



YOLANDA REDIN:  Yes.  Well, I get five take homes.



REP. LAWLOR:  I see.  I see.  Okay.



YOLANDA REDIN:  Take home bottles which --



REP. LAWLOR:  Does anyone else have any questions?

Representative Winkler.



REP. WINKLER:  Thank you, Mr. Chairman and thank you for

coming before us and sharing your story.  I think

you are doing very well.



YOLANDA REDIN:  Thank you.



REP. WINKLER:You mentioned that going -- when they

locked you up when you going through withdrawal,

that they didn't give you anything --



YOLANDA REDIN:  They won't.  Nobody.



REP. WINKLER:  -- because that nothing showed up in the

urine?



YOLANDA REDIN:  Oh, that's once I got into Niantic even

after being -- it was a long holiday weekend, okay.

I got picked up because I was in the guy's car.

Detective Hawkins seen me.  He was always behind

me.  But anyway, they followed the car, pulled us

over and -- I mean you would get arrested -- I got

arrested one time for sitting down.  I was eating

some cookies, drinking milk.  Get arrested for

disorderly conduct with intent of prostitution.

Okay.  They could pick you up just because you are

sitting there.  Any reason.  Or the cops -- if you

read every description of the busts they give,

every one reads the same.  No girl walks up to a

car and propositions herself.  The cop propositions

the girl, you know and then they turn it around to

their liking and put it the way they want.



But yes, I was -- by the time I got there my urine

showed up clean because I had already spent Friday,

Saturday, Sunday, Monday.  By the fifth day it

doesn't show in your urine.



REP. WINKLER:  What drug were you on at that time?



YOLANDA REDIN:  I was a three bundle a day user and

cocaine, at least a 16 eight ball a day heroin.



REP. WINKLER:  Because that won't -- that would still

show up in your urine even after five days.



YOLANDA REDIN:  No, it doesn't.  No, it won't.  I am

sorry, Ma'am.  I hate to disagree with you, but it

doesn't.  After four days it shows up clean.



REP. WINKLER:  That's not what we have heard.



YOLANDA REDIN:  Well, I am telling you the truth.  I

hear somebody else speaking that agrees with me.

Seventy-two hours it is out of your urine.



UNIDENTIFIED SPEAKER FROM AUDIENCE:  Yes.  Seventy-two

hours.



YOLANDA REDIN:  See.  Thank you.  I would love for

anybody else to ask me anything they would like.



REP. LAWLOR:  Well, if there is no other questions --

oh. sorry.  Senator Harp.



SEN. HARP:  I am just wondering if you can tell me how

frequent it is that people get sick or even die

because of the way -- of the de-tox that we use in

our correction system.



YOLANDA REDIN:  First of all, when you go in, I mean

what they give you is a joke.  For somebody like me

with the addiction that I had, okay -- from the

time I was 12 I was put into the institute and put

on Thorazine.  I mean, all my life I was drugged up

because I was a ward of the State, but I managed to

stay.  I got married early.  I managed to raise my

children.  I managed to stay with a man and before

I knew it, I just ended up into drugs after I lost

him and it just -- you can't say that it will never

happen to you because it can happen to anybody,

okay.



Again, I am sorry -- ask me --



SEN. HARP:  I guess what I was saying is how often is

there an negative reaction to the type of de-tox

that we do?



YOLANDA REDIN:  They give you so little. Okay.  They

give you like 20 milligrams to 25 and they de-tox

you in six days.  So, any time I was there I would

spend a month in the medical unit because I would

go through seizures.  I would get fevers.  They

don't -- I mean with 104 fever, as sick as I was,

especially being HIV, you would have thought they

would put me in the hospital.  The doctor came into

my room once.  The third day of my fever they took

three nurses to hold me up.  They said I had to

walk down the hall in order to get my Methadone.  I

threw it up all over the ground.  It was so

useless.  If it wasn't for a girl who took a chance

and stayed in the room with me to keep an eye on

me, I was dragging myself back and forth to the

bathroom, didn't eat nothing all week and so they

brought -- not a real doctor into see me, you know.

I didn't consider him a real doctor anyway.  And I

think that -- I don't know.  I think Methadone --

if people who come out -- any girls that have come

out back to the streets, they have nothing, okay.

I don't have any family that accepts me now,

especially because I am sick.



So they drop you off at Lafayette Street. They give

you no sense of -- no sense of good feelings or

anything.  You don't get really any counselling in

jail.  So you come back to the streets and dropped

off at Lafayette and it's back to Washington and

Broad, out to make money because you are thinking

about them drugs all the time you are in jail.

Where if I had the Methadone opened to me a long

time ago, I don't think I'd be as sick as I am now.

And I don't think you should have to suffer in a

cell, you know.  We are not animals. We may be

messed up our lives somewhat, but it doesn't make

us any less of a human.



SEN. HARP:  Thank you.



YOLANDA REDIN:  You are welcome.



REP. LAWLOR:  Thank you very much, Yolanda.



YOLANDA REDIN:  Thank you.



REP. LAWLOR:  Next is Susan Patrick.



SUSAN PATRICK:  Thank you.  Yolanda's life is what gets

me up in the morning, determined to prevent this

problem from ever happening.



I want to thank you for the opportunity to

participate in this hearing today.  My name is

Susan Patrick and I am the President of Drugs Don't

Work which is the Governor's partnership for

Connecticut's workforce.  This organization was

created in 1989 as a public/private partnership

between the State and the private sector with the

goal of levering private sector money towards

solving the problem, which we do by matching the

State's investment in the program.



We were given the charge to lead the State's

prevention effort, to reduce substance abuse, and

we do this through four operating partnerships that

work with 140 school districts, all the State's

colleges, about 2,400 businesses and 70 media

outlets that donate about $1 million a year of

anti-drug advertising.



I was also a member of the Alcohol and Drug Policy

Council and Co-chair of the Youth and Families

Committee.



I would like to introduce the two young women who

are with me today that will be speaking with me.

Laura Baum is a senior at North Haven High School

and a member of the Drugs Don't Work Youth Advisory

Committee and Dana Sanetti to my immediate right,

is a sophomore at Bunnell High School in Stratford

and also a member of the Youth Advisory Committee.



We are here today because we care deeply about the

affects on drug use on young people and the

citizens of Connecticut.



I would like to particularly focus my remarks on

the issue of prevention and on the problem as it

relates to young people.  I would like to offer

some general observations in relationship to the

three reports that have come before the two

committees.  The reports taken together represent

an extraordinary analysis of the State's current

substance abuse policies and opportunities.  David

Biklen, in particular, has created a report that

will be used as a reference tool in the field for

years to come.



One of the things that was most striking to me,

however, was the assumption that the current drug

policy is not effective.  As you heard earlier,

drug use has come down by about 50% and is staying

down in adults.  Teen abstinent rates actually

increased, doubled from 7% to 14% during the period

1979 to the early 90's.



Most of this reduction probably can be attributed

to increased funding for prevention and law

enforcement that took place during this period.  In

spite of these successes, the recent increases in

teen drug use and the escalating costs of the

criminal justice system are good reasons to stop

and look at our drug policy.  I am encouraging you

and us not to take too narrow a view of the State's

drug policy issues.  It's important to consider all

the harms and costs associated with these issues.

Health care costs, for example, which are driven

primarily by tobacco and alcohol use are legal

drugs will exceed $1 trillion over the next 20

years.  In Medicare alone, substance abuse

associated hospitalization costs top $20 billion in

1994.  They account for about 25% of our total

expenditure of Medicare, of the Medicare fund.



While criminal justice costs might be reduced by

new policies that would lower the penalties for the

possession of marijuana, we should also consider

how these policies might drive up health care

costs.



Among youth age 12 to 17, marijuana related medical

emergencies have more than tripled in the last five

years.  Further, we have yet to experience the

longer term health affects of marijuana.  It's

estimated by some researchers that each marijuana

joint is as carcinogenic as ten to twenty

cigarettes and I mentioned earlier that cigarette

smoking is probably the biggest drain on the

Medicare trust fund.



We also have to consider the cost of substance

abuse in relationship to our work force.  How much

will business loses increase if marijuana use

becomes even more wide spread than it is now?

Seventy-five percent of substance abusers are

currently employed and substance abuse costs

America's businesses close to $100 billion

annually.



It is interesting to note that the drug most

associated with crime and with violent crime is

actually the legal drug, alcohol.  Thirty-nine

percent of violent crimes, the ones most feared by

the public, the ones that call for your responses,

are committed under the influence of alcohol

compared to 24% committed under the influence of

illegal drugs.



Alcohol is implicated in 18% of murders, 15% of

rapes, 17% of assaults and 15% of robberies,

resulting in 400 deaths and over a million, almost

two million crime victims each year.



Given that the three reports find room for

significant improvement in current policy, we must

carefully consider what policy options will return

the highest value for the State's investment.



While there are many excellent recommendations

contained in the reports, I was distressed that

while all three reports called for a shift in

policy towards public health and prevention,

education, and treatment, only the alcohol and drug

policy council report contained substantive

recommendations related to prevention.  In some

ways, prevention was as overlooked in the reports

as it has been in the State's policy during the 17

years that I have been working in the State.



It is very disturbing because prevention is the

most cost effective approach of all returning $14

to $15 for each dollar invested.  This is double

the return of the $7 for each dollar invested of

treatment.  It is estimated that we will save

between $300,000 - $800,000 over the lifetime for

each young person that we keep from using drugs.



In spite of this cost effectiveness ratio,

substance abuse prevention spending across all

agencies as detailed in the prevention budget,

totalled only $10 million.  This compares to a

Corrections budget of over $300 million.



As you can see from the charts --



REP. LAWLOR:  Four hundred million.



SUSAN PATRICK:  Oh, it's gone up since then.  Right.  As

you can see from the charts I provided in the

information packages there is a direct correlation

between the rates of teen drug use and juvenile

drug offenses and the level of spending on

prevention.



The increasing transit in teen drug use as I

mentioned, in eight grade marijuana use, for an

example, is tripled, occurred immediately after

federal and state prevention funds were cut in the

early 1990's.  I my own organization, our funding

fell by 75% in just three years as a result of cuts

in the safe and drug free schools acts, schools

laid off health educators. They laid off substance

abuse counselors.  And so we are seeing that wave

of young people who did not receive the intensive

kinds of prevention programs that we had early in

the 80's.



Not only is prevention the most cost effective

approach, it is also the approach most supported by

the public.  In a 1995 Gallup Poll prevention

received twice as much support as criminal justice

as the preferred public policy option and ten times

as much support as treatment, in terms of long term

solutions.



And the end of my remarks I will make a couple of

recommendations for things I think we can do to

increase this emphasis on prevention.  But before I

do that I want us to just also consider the

unanticipated and unintended consequences of some

of our drug policies.



As you will hear from Laura and Dana in a minute,

recommendations to reduce penalties for marijuana

and to prescribe marijuana for medical purposes

have a profound effect on young people contributing

to a growing belief that marijuana is a harmless

drug.



The Program Review and Investigations Committee

report points to increasing social acceptance, easy

availability, decreased costs, and increased

strength as key factors in the marijuana use

increase among our young people.  If our lack of

success in keeping cigarettes and alcohol out of

the hands of our youth is any indicator,  I think

it is pretty reasonable to assume that if marijuana

is grown legally by adults for medical reasons, it

will make its way into the hands of kids.



While I don't have time today to review the facts

about the harms associated with marijuana, I've

provided that information in your packets.  At the

same time that the harms of marijuana have been

documented in over 10,000 studies, there is not one

reliable study that proves that marijuana is the

most effectatious medical treatment for the

conditions for which it is being considered.  Now I

am not saying that marijuana has no medical use at

all.  What I would suggest though is that even if

there is medical value in marijuana, is it worth

the price?  Is it worth the price of a generation

of young people who see it as a harmless drug?

Already one in twenty high school seniors are

smoking pot on a daily basis.



Kids who smoke pot are eighty-five times more

likely to use cocaine.



By fiscal year 1993, the percent of teens in

treatment from marijuana surpassed those involved

with alcohol and marijuana was the most frequently

used illegal drug by juvenile arrestees.



In light of all this, I would like to make the

following recommendations.



New prevention policy options, soundly grounded in

research, must be developed.  The recommendations

that are in some of the reports are a good start.

We need a total overhaul of the school drug

prevention programs.  Many of them are outdated.

They are inconsistently implemented and they are

not responsive in many cases to the needs of young

people.



While schools cannot solely be held accountable for

solving the teen drug problem, as we have asked

them to be in the past, they can and must be held

accountable for identifying and intervening with

kids who use at school.  Five percent of junior

high students and eleven percent of high school

students say they use drugs at school, during the

day, on school property.  Eight percent of junior

high students and seventeen percent of high school

students say they attend classes under the

influence of drugs.



The generational -- another recommendation is that

we must interrupt the generational cycle of

addiction by targeting intensive prevention

services to those youth who are at the highest risk

by virtue of a parent who is incarcerated in a

treatment or abusive.



As you all know, these problems repeat themselves

from one generation to the next.  We have the

opportunity by targeting prevention services to

those kids whose parents are already in our system

so we can easily identify them of interrupting that

generational repetition.



We also need earlier identification and

intervention with youth.  The longer the problem is

allowed to progress, as you know, the more

expensive and difficult it is to treat.  One

dilemma is that health care currently does not

cover these intervention services, however.  The

vast majority of juveniles and adults who are

currently in our criminal justice and treatment

systems, used drugs for many years before arrest

and for the most part, began as teenagers.  If

thirteen percent of Connecticut's 7th graders and

twenty-eight percent of our 11th graders are

getting drunk on a weekly basis, why aren't the

adults seeing it and doing something about it?  How

have we allowed things to progress to the point

that one in twenty high school seniors is using pot

on a daily basis?  That's harmful use by any

definition.



Parents, school personnel, and youth workers must

be trained to recognize these warning signs and

take appropriate actions.  Physicians and health

care providers must be trained.



REP. LAWLOR:  Susan, -- there are a lot of people signed

up to testify.



SUSAN PATRICK:  Okay.



REP. LAWLOR:  So we have to get to the students and to

the other people.



SUSAN PATRICK:  Okay.  Because of these factors for drug

use another recommendation is because the risk

factors for drug risk are the same as those for

delinquency and for other teen problems like

pregnancy, teen pregnancy, youth violence, truancy

and dropping out of school, we lose a really

incredible opportunity for maximum prevention

efficiency by not integrating these programs and

having commonly defined outcomes.



Finally, we need to try new research based

approaches like mentoring, peer taught drug

education and parent involvement.



I would also like to suggest that you consider

requiring that prevention services be incorporated

into state managed care contracts that we create

and test case management and intervention models

that link schools, community agencies, and the

police and that we test public health based

environmental approaches to reducing use of the

legal drugs among young people.



I will cut my remarks at this point so that we will

have time to hear from Laura and then Dana.



Thanks.  Will she be able to be heard from this

microphone?



REP. LAWLOR:  Yes.



LAURA BAUM:  Okay.  Thanks. My name is Laura Baum and I

have been an active member of the Drugs Don't Work

Youth Advisory Committee for two years.



I am here to talk about the drug use that is

becoming so prevalent among my peers.



I could stand here and tell you that drug use among

8th graders alone has more than tripled in the last

five years.  I could tell you that one in four

children betweens the ages of 9 and 12 was offered

drugs in 1996.  I can tell you that 68% of 17 year

olds can buy marijuana in less than a day.

However, I am not going to continue to list

statistics.



Instead, I am going to talk about some of the

issues and concerns that young people face relating

to drugs and about some of their recommendations in

solving this problem that affects their lives and

the lives of their peers.



On May 22, 1996 the Governor's Youth Summit on

Drugs was held at Trinity College.  One hundred and

thirty-six youths and thirty-nine adults from 47

schools and 31 towns gathered to discuss teen drug

use.  The participants had small discussion groups

facilitated by youth in which they discussed their

concerns and recommendations for actions.



The young people shared their concerns about

increased drug use by youth, early initiation of

drug use by younger students, the need for

increased prevention and intervention, adults

ignoring the drug crisis, and not taking it

seriously enough, adults, schools, and communities

not consistently enforcing drug policy and laws,

and punishment not being enough to solve drug abuse

- that drug abusers need help and support to change

their behavior.



Young people recognize that parents are not always

supportive and proper role models for their

children.  Parents may feel that they have provided

information about the dangers of drug use, when

they have not.  Parents may also not realize how

available drugs are.  Only 7% of parents believe

that their children have been offered drugs, but

24% of children report being offered illicit

substances.



Some parents do not realize what an affect they

have as role models of their children.  Thus, the

young people of the summit felt it necessary to

educate parents to talk to their kids earlier, more

frequently, and more seriously in addition to

telling them to model healthy behaviors.



The young people also expressed concern about

schools handling the drug problem.  They want

schools to take the drug problem more seriously and

to enforce drug policies consistently when young

people use drugs.  Inconsistent enforcement gives

mixed messages to students, parents and the

community.



A recommendation for the community included

increased enforcement laws and increased penalties

for drug violators.  The young people then noted

that laws that aren't enforced give youth mixed

messages.  They also felt that there should be more

drug free alternatives for youth.



The young people also said at the summit, that we,

as youth, need a more active say, a full voice in

helping to solve the drug problem.  Parents, the

community, the government, and the media need to

come together with youth to target this drug

problem.



A main contributing factor in the increased drug

abuse by young people is that many of them do not

realize the dangers of a drug like marijuana.

There is less social disapproval of drugs as

children are less likely to believe that people are

on drugs are affected and act in stupid ways.

Also, many young people have recognized a growing

and unfortunate tolerance for drugs in society.



Another factor that leads to an increase in drug

use is that children are receiving less information

about the dangers of drugs from a variety of

different sources, particularly in the mass media.

When children were asked if they learned a lot

about the dangers of drugs from t.v. shows, news

and movies, only 44% responded yes in 1996 compared

to 53% in 1993.



The bottom line is that we cannot send mixed and

confusing messages to our young.  We must show them

that drugs are dangerous and that there are severe

consequences for people who abuse drugs.  There are

68 million people age 18 and below.  If we pretend

that pot is just another insignificant choice in

their lives, we make their decision to stay off

drugs that much harder.  It should be apparent to

young people that there are ramifications for the

illicit use of drugs.  Other young people have

called upon policy makers to make their schools and

neighborhoods safer, to rid them of drug offenders.

We cannot let our young people continue to abuse

drugs anymore.  Students may get the incorrect

impression that a drug like marijuana isn't

dangerous, but then they succumb to the dangers of

the drug and perhaps other drugs like heroin and

cocaine since marijuana is a gate (INAUDIBLE) drug.



We cannot continue to let our youth believe this.

They must be told and reminded that drugs are

dangerous to us.



Thank you.



REP. LAWLOR:  Where do you go to school?



LAURA BAUM:  North Haven High School.



REP. LAWLOR:  And where do kids buy drugs at North Haven

High School?



LAURA BAUM:  I think that drugs are easily accessible

from the peers within the school.  That is really

easy to just go up to someone in the hall and get

drugs.



REP. LAWLOR:  And do you know what the penalties are for

possessing drugs in Connecticut?



LAURA BAUM:  I don't know exactly.



REP. LAWLOR:  Take a guess.  What do you think --



LAURA BAUM:  I really don't feel like I have the --



REP. LAWLOR:  Because I was asking because you mentioned

a couple of times that the penalties aren't high

enough and stuff like that.



LAURA BAUM:  Well, I mean, I think that the bigger issue

with the penalties -- a big issue with the

penalties is that they are not enforced and that

kids -- my peers don't realize that they are

enforced even if they are.



REP. LAWLOR:  Have any friends of yours ever gotten

arrested for selling or having drugs or anything

like that?



LAURA BAUM:  Of course.



REP. LAWLOR:  And what happened to them?



LAURA BAUM:  I've seen them in school.



REP. LAWLOR:  But what do you think should happen to

them?



LAURA BAUM:  I think that they should have penalties,

whether --



REP. LAWLOR:  Like what?



LAURA BAUM:  Like perhaps fines and jail and then

prevention afterwards so that it doesn't continue

in a bad cycle.



REP. LAWLOR:  Okay.  I'm sorry.  There might be some

other questions here.  Yes.



DANA SANETTI:  My name is Dana Sanetti.  I am 16 years

old.  I am a sophomore at Bunnell High School in

Stratford.  This is my first year in Drugs Don't

Work Youth Advisory Committee.



I think that it's important to treat substance

abuse, but preventing kids from even starting is

the like the most important.



A big -- my big thing is that parent/child

communication needs to be enforced.  Parents need

to talk to their kids about drugs.  They need to be

informed.  They need to know what's going on.



Only 40% of the parents think they have no

influence on their child's drug decision.  That's -

- they have to know what they are talking about and

they have to talk to their kids frequently.

Ninety-five percent of parents said they have had a

serious talk with their kids, but only 77% of teens

say that -- agree and remember the talk.



It can't just be once.  It has to be over and it

has to be frequent and it has to be a serious thing

and it has to be something that parents and kids

feel they can talk about openly.



Education, I think, needs to start very early and

it has to continue on through high school.  Drug

use can begin sometimes as early as 6th or 7th

grade. To me, that's pretty scary.  In 5th grade we

had the D.A.R.E. Program and that seemed to work

pretty well, but then in junior high, I couldn't

even tell you where my health class was or who

taught it.  I mean, I don't -- let alone what I

learned.  There needs -- something needs to be

looked at there.  It's -- in high school we only

have a health class in freshman and senior year and

there is an adult standing up in front of the class

and preaching to us about the affects.  I think

something that would help would be to have a senior

or a junior maybe teach a class to the freshmen or

sophomores. When kids talk to kids it seems more

real and it doesn't seem as though they are

preaching.  Kids need to learn the effects of

drugs, but also how to cope with these situations

and how to cope with the pressure.



Kids can know all the affects and everything that

it will do to them, but unless they know what to do

in those situations, it's not going to work.  I

mean if a friend offers you something, if they are

a good friend, then you are probably going to take

it regardless of what you've been taught.



They need to know what to do and how to cope with

those kinds of situations.



As I said, I think kids teaching kids is a very

good idea.  Early teens, I think, is when we

realize that we can -- even if authority figures

say that we shouldn't do something we can still

kind of do it and usually get away with it without

punishment.  So -- I mean something -- we need to

have not like an adult telling us what to do, a kid

is - it just sounds more real when it's coming from

another kid.  We kind of like listen to our own

kind, I guess.



When the laws and consequences in my school -- I

mean, I don't -- the people that I hang out with

are not involved with drugs, and I don't even know

what happens.  I don't even know what the

consequences are, which to me shows you that it's

not something -- I mean, I don't know about it. I

don't know what happens so I think it needs to be

enforced and people need to know what happens to

you if you get caught.  I know that I've seen --

you can get illegal drugs in my school, but I don't

think enough is being done about it. I don't think

the kids know what can happen to them.  I think it

needs to be enforced more.  It needs to be more

strict.



REP. SCALETTAR:  Can I ask you a question?  As you are

discussing that, what about tobacco?  Is that a

problem in your school?  Do you see kids smoking

outside or in school?



DANA SANETTI:  Kids -- there are always kids smoking

outside before and after school.  And in the

bathrooms during school it happens, not as much as

before and after, though.



REP. SCALETTAR:  But you think a lot of kids are

smoking?



DANA SANETTI:  Yes.  There is like little spots where

everybody goes.  During school I think it's not as

much of a problem, but it is there and I mean -- I

don't know what happens to kids when they get

caught smoking on school grounds during the school

hours.  I think that --



REP. SCALETTAR:  Why do you think they are smoking?



DANA SANETTI:  Why?



REP. SCALETTAR:  Haven't you had a lot of programs in

education in school about the dangers of tobacco? I

would think people your age have heard this quite a

few times.



DANA SANETTI:  We know the effects and we know what it

does to you, but once -- I think once you start,

the effects don't matter anymore.  It doesn't

matter -- you know it's not going to happen to me

is what everybody thinks.



REP. SCALETTAR:  Thank you.



DANA SANETTI:  I think the laws can't be -- if the laws

are not --- don't become as strict -- if they even

like ease up on the laws, more kids are going to

just think of marijuana as a harmless drug and

that's not what it is at all and that's not the

image that I think marijuana should project.



If they see more people getting into trouble for

it, then that kind of image will stick in the minds

like if they actually see it happening, actually

seeing the consequences that would help, but I

don't think they ever do.



REP. LAWLOR:  Senator Harp and then Senator Gunther.

Representative Nardello.



SEN. HARP:  I just wanted to ask you, as well, if the

kids in your school deal the drugs in school so

that anyone can come up in your school and purchase

drugs right there as with the young lady at North

Haven High School?



DANA SANETTI:  Like if I went up to somebody and asked

if I could get it right there on the spot?



SEN. HARP:  Yeah.  Are there people that deal drugs

inside the school building?  Or do they have --

where do the kids go to get the drugs in your

school, I guess is the question I am asking?



DANA SANETTI:  It happens more outside of school than

inside the school.  I think I wouldn't -- I don't

think I would be able to go up to somebody and just

ask and be able to get it right there on the spot,

but I have seen --  I think it's like more or a

pre-arranged kind of thing and they just kind of

get it in school. It's not something that -- it's

not a big issue in my school.  I mean, I've seen it

once or twice.



SEN. HARP:  Have you seen more people smoking cigarettes

before and after school than you have actually seen

using drugs in your school?  I am just curious?



DANA SANETTI:  Yes.  More people smoke than -- I mean, I

don't normally see people using drugs in my school.

Just is it when people are smoking before and after

school, it's just right there in your face.  You

can't miss it.



SEN. HARP:  And your knowing about the level of

substance abuse in your school is based upon

personal knowledge or statistics that you've heard

from the leadership in your school or that your

school district or from your participation on the

council that you sit on?



DANA SANETTI:  It's mostly personal knowledge and

information that I get from this council.



SEN. HARP:  And how many -- but you don't know anybody

who actually does it in school is what I thought I

heard you say.  So what percentage of people would

you guess are doing it in your school?



DANA SANETTI:  In my school?  Like during school hours,

people that are using -- I don't know, five to ten

percent.  It's not a big percentage.



SEN. HARP:  Do you know kids in your school who are

drinking alcohol?



DANA SANETTI:  Yes.



SEN. HARP:  And what percent would those be, do you

think?



DANA SANETTI:  Oh, over 50%.



SEN. HARP:  Over 50%?



DANA SANETTI:  Yeah.  I would say 60 or 65 percent.



SEN. HARP:  Okay.  Thank you.



SEN. GUNTHER:  You mentioned that you didn't know when

your classes were on the drug abuse and that.  They

don't put notices up on the board as to when your

class -- you mentioned you didn't know when your

classes in drug -- in substance abuse were.



DANA SANETTI:  Oh, in junior high school we had a health

class for a half a year.  Those classes -- I mean,

I don't remember anything about those classes.  I

don't remember learning anything.  I don't remember

where they were, who taught them -- I mean, my

point being it didn't have a great impact on me at

all and that -- I mean, I think it should.



SEN. GUNTHER:  You don't remember who taught it?  It

wasn't the nurse? It was another teacher?  You have

no recollection?



DANA SANETTI:  I really don't.



SEN. GUNTHER:  How about now in high school, are you

getting any specific training?



DANA SANETTI:  As I said, I am a sophomore.  We only

have a health class freshman and senior years.  So

right now, I don't have any kind of --



SEN. GUNTHER:  So you have no class at all? Nobody is

teaching you anything about what's going on in the

real world out there?



DANA SANETTI:  Only freshmen and senior year.



SEN. GUNTHER:  There is no real program -- I see you

looking -- are you surprised at this, by any chance

or --



SUSAN PATRICK:  I would just like to comment on that

actually.  I think one of the things that happened

a couple of years ago was that the statutes were

changed so that the State Department of Education

no longer went out and did compliance to assure

that schools were teaching.



I also want to say though that the current statutes

that require that we teach kids drug education

every grade level may not be the best approach.

There was a famous quote that is one of my favorite

quotes that says that education is the cure only

insofar as ignorance is the disease.  And these

kids know the affects of drugs by the time they are

in late elementary school.  I think what we need is

a different approach which is why we are

recommending that we re-evaluate what we are doing.

The State of California, for example, has gone to a

statewide mentoring initiative as part of their

drug prevention effort.  You can teach these

affects year after year after year, but by the time

the kids have heard them four or five times, they

are tuning out which is why they don't remember it

anymore.



So I really think we need to look at - and that's

what we plan to spend this year doing which is

going out and conducting hearings and doing focus

groups to hear from the young people, their parents

and the educators what is working, what is not

working, what should we be doing differently and

really looking at the research is about what is

effective drug prevention.



SEN. GUNTHER:  Well I am surprised that they don't know

whose teaching and they don't have even in the peer

side of it, even if it's not the young people doing

it, at least that our educational system,

apparently with the stats I heard this morning,

went through out drug policy committee meetings and

heard how things are getting much worse and that

type of thing that whatever we are doing now

apparently is not doing the job.  That's for damned

sure.



And I have great criticisms that the educational

system has failed miserably in teaching the young

people anything about it so that whatever program

has been up to now, and if we are going to continue

on just bringing in the educational system and have

them teach, to me, being in the professions, I

would say it's a health problem.  Health providers

ought to at least give them the real meat and then

let the young people, maybe their own peers, take

and do something about it, but the education system

is not doing it.



SUSAN PATRICK:  I would like to remind people though

that the drug use rate did fall by 50% among both

adults and young people when we first began the

drug prevention program.



SEN. GUNTHER:  Was that in the 80's?



SUSAN PATRICK:  That was in the 80's, but then all that

funding was cut so schools let a lot of those

people go that were doing that work.  So I think

that has something -- plus the approaches that were

effective when we started this fifteen years ago,

are not -- are now outdated and so we are not

keeping up with the latest research.



SEN. HARP:  Thank you.  Representative Nardello.



REP. NARDELLO:  Thank you very much.  First, I would

like to thank you for coming here because I think

it's extremely important that you are involved in

this effort and I think that sometimes we sit up

here trying to make the decisions for a group that

we have very little to relate to and I think your

input is extremely important.



Regarding -- just before I forget one, I address

Senator Gunther's health issues.  As a health

educator having a degree in health education, I can

tell you that the emphasis on the health education

has actually decreased over the years, Senator

Gunther.



If you look at the City of Hartford, because of

budget cuts, there used to be about 23 health

educators.  There are now 7 to serve the entire

city.  I think it may even be less than 7 at this

point.  And what you've got is that curriculum

component for health is being put on teachers who

have many other curriculum demands that health

becomes a very small part of the curriculum that is

not emphasized and you are asking them to do

something that they are truly not prepared for

because you don't have the person that has the

background in health education.



And we, as a State, do not mandate any type of

health education and that's part of the problem, as

well.



But the thing that I wanted to ask you that I was

concerned about, was the fact that as you gave your

statistics, you said 25% of the people are using

drugs and 75% of the people probably are not.



Can you identify for me what's the difference

between the first group and the second group?  From

your perspective, how do you see these kids over

here that are not using drugs, what's one of the

biggest differences and these kids here that are

using drugs?



LAURA BAUM:  I think that a lot of it comes from the

home, obviously and that people who do abuse drugs

either come from families where it's not -- where

it's accepted or where they don't have the kind of

relationship with their parents where they can talk

about it.



I think it's a matter of the education or schools

target certain kinds of people, generally and that

the people who need it most may not be the ones who

it is affecting.  And so then they end up as

abusers of drugs.



I think that -- you know, that there are a lot of

things that separate why someone uses drugs.  I

think the media plays a huge role and that people

need to -- students need to know how to -- to know

that what they hear on the media may not be the

best way and that things that are glamorized in the

media are not necessarily what is right for them.



DAWN SANETTI:  Also something as simple as the

activities that somebody does after school.  You

can't like force anybody to do like an activity

they don't want to do like a sport that they don't

want to do, but if they are involved in something

it leads them away and there is something else to

do besides going out and doing something illegal.

Last year I was on the spring tennis team and one

girl was on it for a couple of weeks, but then she

quit because her friends didn't want her to do it

anymore and like she smoked so like she couldn't

play very well.  So I mean I try and do sports and

I know that if I do any kind of drugs that it will

hurt when I try to do my best at.  So I mean the

activities that people do and it is just something

else to do and another reason not to do illegal

drugs.



REP. NARDELLO:  And I also have a question regarding do

you feel that in that decision, that first decision

to engage in illicit drugs, you are going to make

that decision, you are going to say, I think this

is a good thing, I am going to try it.  Do you

think that pressure from peers is what brings

people to that decision or do you think that that's

something they personally choose?



DAWN SANETTI:  I think that peers have a tremendous

impact on their -- on other students and if that

people, not only in the -- we -- as many people

think of it as the do drugs, you'll be cool, but if

they are just hanging out with people who do them

or see people who are doing drugs and feel like

they would be a minority by not doing drugs and

that there would be something wrong with them by

not doing drugs and that kind of peer pressure has

a tremendous affect.



REP. NARDELLO:  And do you think it would be effective

if we had more students -- I was intrigued by your

mentoring comment because I do think that that is

an important component that's missing out of the

health education component.  Changing health

behaviors as I think we can all acknowledge up here

is a very difficult thing, albeit it smoking,

drugs, or whatever it may be.  It is probably one

of the most difficult things to do because it is a

lifestyle change and the mentoring aspect seems to

me that if you could speak to other students, if

you could get them involved and say to them, come

on the tennis team - come on swimming -- let's do

some other things, that would probably be more

successful than some of the things in terms of

lecturing.



The information needs to be brought out as well,

but I think that should be an adjunct.



SUSAN PATRICK:  The latest research says --



REP. NARDELLO:  I would like to ask the girls if they

thing that though.



SUSAN PATRICK:  Oh, I am sorry.



LAURA BAUM:  I agree.  I think that an adult getting up

and preaching in front of a class doesn't work and

I think -- I mean it works early on and I think it

-- I mean like in the D.A.R.E. Program and

everything it works, but I mean like I said, we all

start to realize that we can disagree with an adult

and usually get away with it and everything.  But

if it comes from a kid -- if it comes from another

kid whose pretty much close to our age group, it

sounds more real and it sounds like they know more

what they are talking about and I mean sometimes

they can even give personal experiences or -- and

it sounds like they know more what they are talking

about -- I mean, it has a bigger impact if you hear

kids talk.



REP. NARDELLO:  Thank you very much.  I really

appreciate your input.  I would like you to

continue to do so and I would like you to get more

of your friends involved, as well, both those that

do and don't engage.



SEN. HARP:  Thank you.  Do we have further questions?

Yes, Representative O'Neill.



REP. O'NEILL:  You are describing these things that you

think would -- the mentoring and that sort of thing

would work.  Is this based on other programs where

that has been successful that you've had experience

with in your school systems or seen some other kind

of context?  I don't mean necessarily drug

programs, but on some other subjects?  Why are you

-- other than just kind of an intuitive sense that

you would take more seriously something that is

said to you by someone your own age, do you have

the impression that this has worked a change in

other areas?  Or in the drug area?



LAURA BAUM:  I think from personal experience, I've seen

that people are more inclined -- students are more

inclined to listen to their peers.  We've had some

older students come back to the high school and

talk about issues that have affected -- drugs being

included, as well as other issues.  And just from

students hearing it, from someone else who is like

had the same experiences so recently and knows what

it's like to go to high school in the 1990's is

really important.  Also, being -- I am a mentor for

an elementary school student in New Haven and I --

you know, being part of the programs like that, I

can see that it just makes a difference when you

can relate to the younger person and there's

certain health teachers in our school -- I think

there is even like - you know you just walk in

there will immediate disrespect because you know

who the person is and for whatever reason, you may

not like him and therefore you are not going to

listen to him all year.  But if it is a variety of

students who you respect, then it can be a lot more

effective.



DAWN SANETTI:  Also another member of Drugs Don't Work

Committee, in her high school she says that the

seniors do go out and I think they teach like

freshman and sophomore health classes and it seems

to work very well and the students enjoy it much

more and they learn a lot more.  So it has worked

before.



SUSAN PATRICK:  The research also supports that those

have better results.  The newest research on

effective drug prevention says that there are three

factors that distinguish the kids who use from

those who don't.  Kids who have a significant older

person in their life who believes in them, kids who

have something that they are successful at, and

things who have positive, pro-social kinds of

activities that they can be engaged in that are

alternatives to getting into these other kinds of

difficulties.



And we don't have those approaches systematized

through our drug prevention efforts in the State at

all.



REP. O'NEILL:  But I mean -- are all three components

need to be in place for -- okay.



SUSAN PATRICK:  Yeah.



REP. O'NEILL:  Because I mean supposing number two there

on the list -- I mean we could probably try to find

some other adult or an older person to takes an

interest, but we are not always going to make

people successful at something.  I mean we can give

them other activities.  We can take care of number

three, but we can't guarantee that you are going to

find some sort of activity that you are going to be

successful at unless you are defining success other

than winning the 100 yard dash or something.  If

you are just saying success is -- you completed the

program or you showed in up, in some way.



SUSAN PATRICK:  Well, I think what the research is

saying that every child needs to be successful at

something in order to have a belief in themselves

and to have some sense of hope for the future and

you are right, it may not be academic, it may not

be athletics, and in those cases, we really need to

work to identify what are the strengths and

abilities of that child and build on that.



One of the most powerful effects of mentoring is

when the kids themselves become the mentors.  So

you can take a troubled young person, for example,

pair them with a younger person where now they are

a positive person instead of the negative view that

they have of themselves.  So I do believe that

there are ways to structure those success

opportunities for kids, but it takes some extra

thinking and effort.  It doesn't come naturally for

every child.



REP. O'NEILL:  Okay.  I think -- I am sorry, I didn't

get your name.  So the lady in green.



LAURA BAUM:  Laura.



REP. O'NEILL:  I don't remember you answering the

question that was asked about the kinds of drugs

that might be in your school.  Are we talking about

or did you because I was distracted at various

times.



LAURA BAUM:  No. Go ahead.



REP. O'NEILL:  So, when you are talking about drugs, are

we talking about predominantly marijuana or are

there other things, cocaine, heroin, psychedelic,

what are we talking about?  Or alcohol?



LAURA BAUM:  I think that the most -- I think that all

of these -- that there are people in my school who

use all of the drugs.  But the most prevalent drug

that I see during the school day is definitely

tobacco and it is abused, it sounds like a lot more

than in Dana's school.  You cannot walk into the

bathrooms in my school and -- without -- you know,

being totally enveloped in smoke and cigarettes and

so that is very prevalent. People smoke all day.

People get caught and then they have -- there have

been times when teachers have taken pictures of

students with cigarettes in their mouths and the

parent will say, "Oh my kid doesn't smoke

cigarettes."  There are people who just find ways

to get around it.  So smoking is the most

prevalent.  Alcohol use is very prevalent and then

-- people smoke - I've noticed a big change from

9th to 12th grade in my high school experience.



When I was in 9th grade people were smoking

cigarettes outside.  Then they started smoking

cigarettes in school and now I see pot in the

parking lot a lot too.



So I think there are a wide variety of drugs.



REP. O'NEILL:  Is the pot in the parking lot a new or

more recent innovation or is that sort of -- you

were describing several progressions of tobacco

outside -- tobacco inside and now pot outside.  So

was the pot outside before or you just didn't

notice it?



LAURA BAUM:  I don't know if I didn't notice it.  It is

definitely becoming more apparent.



REP. O'NEILL:  Thank you.



REP. LAWLOR:  Our newest colleague.



REP. MANTILLA:  Can you say my name?



REP. LAWLOR:  Evelyn Mantilla.



REP. MANTILLA:  Thank you.  Thank you.  I apologize for

having to step away for a minute.  I have a couple

of questions and I may have missed part of the

train of thought that we were in the middle of

right now, but I was looking with interest to at

your statistics on the success of prevention. How

successful has prevention been and I see these

interesting numbers and charts that show us that

where we have spent more money on prevention. We've

had less arrests and so forth and so on.



I represent the 4th district in Hartford which

clearly is also one of the poorest districts and

also represent large African-American and Latino

communities.  I was interested in asking if you

know of any data that maybe similar to this, but

with a cut on race and ethnicity?  I would be very

interested in finding out more as to how our

prevention programs, what we do have, or where we

have made such efforts may have made a difference,

one way or the other, based on race and ethnicity.



SUSAN PATRICK:  Yes, I can send you some information on

that and I will do that.



One of the things, for example, that the

Partnership for a Drug Free America did was an

intensive media campaign in New York City aimed

specifically at African-American young people and

at the time that the drug use in the rest of the

country started going up, it stayed down in those

kids.



The data also shows that urban children have lower

rates of drug use than suburban children and the

newest survey on the attitudes shows that the

higher the income level, the more positive the

attitudes are toward illegal drugs.  So the lower

the income level, the more negatively kids very

drugs.  Also, the more affluent the family, the

less likely they are to believe that their children

will do drugs, which I am sure then influences the

kids' attitudes.



REP. MANTILLA:  Just for clarification, let me

understand this really clearly.  You said that the

difference between urban youth using substance and

suburban youth using substance is actually higher

for the suburban --



SUSAN PATRICK:  Suburban have higher rates.  Now part of

that may be because there is a higher drop out rate

and drop outs are more likely to be drug involved.

So it is really -- but there are also some other

studies that have been done of the drop out

populations that, I think, are also in some of the

reports, but in general the rates seemed to be

higher in suburban communities than they are in

urban communities.



REP. MANTILLA:  That is very interesting.



SUSAN PATRICK:  We also found that from the survey we

did of school violence, for example, there were

more fights and weapons in rural and suburban than

there were in urban which is a surprise.



REP. MANTILLA:  Not to all of us.  It's not.  I am very

excited to see the work that the advisory committee

with the youth is doing so I would be interested in

the same vein then to ask, how large is the actual

advisory committee with youth like you

participating?



How many members do you have?



LAURA BAUM:   There are about 20 members of the Youth

Advisory Council.



REP. MANTILLA:  Great!  And do you have somewhat of a

representation of Latino and African-American kids?



LAURA BAUM:  Yeah.



REP. MANTILLA:  (INAUDIBLE) as well?



LAURA BAUM:  There is line range of geographic --



REP. MANTILLA:  Great.



LAURA BAUM:  - race, everything.



REP. MANTILLA:  Good.  Good.  Great.



SUSAN PATRICK:  We always welcome new members if you

have someone you would like to recommend.



REP. MANTILLA:  Give me a call.



SUSAN PATRICK:  Thanks.



SEN. HARP:  This is sort of on the same vein and maybe

it's more of a reflection or a comment, it's

interesting to me that there are higher incidents

of drug use among kids in suburbia and yet there's

higher arrests of kids in urban areas.  And that

the prisons tend to look pretty much like me and

Representative Mantilla and that their complaints

in suburban schools based upon what the young lady

said that there aren't arrests made there when

there are drugs dealt.



I don't know.  That is just kind on a interesting

thing to reflect upon.



SUSAN PATRICK:  It's very typical in suburban

communities for parents to raise such a stink that

nothing happens.  They don't like to be told that

their kids are drug involved.



SEN. HARP:  Representative Farr.



REP. FARR:  I just wanted to make one comment.  Your

comment on what's effective in terms of prevention

of drugs.  I spent a lot of time on the issue of

teen pregnancy and the reality is that those same

things that prevent drug addiction also prevent

teenage pregnancy.



SUSAN PATRICK:  Which is why I think we need a state

prevention plan so that all these things are

working in concert.



SEN. HARP:  Thank you very much.



Debbie Blesso is our next speaker.



DEBBIE BLESSO:  Thank you for letting me speak.  I have

never done this before so I am a little scared and

nervous.



I don't have a speech or nothing so I am going to

speak from the heart and my experiences.



I was (INAUDIBLE) for seventeen years and I was on

the streets most of that time in and out of my

mother's house to change and go back out.  I have

done a lot of things that I'm ashamed of, but I had

to do what I had to do to support my habit.  And a

lot of people, high up people like yourselves don't

know what it is like unless you go through it or

know somebody who has been going through it because

it really -- the streets are bad.  There's not no

place for nobody to be.



And if it wasn't for this person here that helped

me get off the street, and the man upstairs, I'd be

dead because I should have died many times doing

what I was doing out there, but -- jail is a joke.

I was in and out of jail for like ten years of my

life.  During it started to get better because I

was trying to get help for myself.  They send you

out of jail with a packet, condoms, okay.  And with

no money, with nothing.  They drive you right back

in the area, drug area, matter of fact, around the

corner from it, Lafayette Street.  What's a person

going to do?  You can't go home.  You don't want

your mother seeing you like that.  You are going to

go back to the same things you were doing before so

you are going to end up back in jail.  Okay.  So

it's a big joke to me, jail is.  It doesn't help

you at all. They de-tox you like that.  A drug

addict needs more time.  They need a lot more

better medical attention in jail, if you ask me.



People who really know what they are doing and know

how to deal with a severe drug addict because you

cannot de-tox in six days.  No way.  It took me --

I have been clean three years and I thank God for

that and her.



SEN. HARP:  Thank you.  Are there questions?  Yes,

Representative Farr.



REP. FARR:  Are you also using Methadone?



DEBBIE BLESSO:  Yes, I am.



REP. FARR:  And you have been using that for six years?



DEBBIE BLESSO:  No.  For three years.  I have been clean

for three years.  But I have been off the street,

you know, trying to better myself.



REP. FARR:  Okay.  And how did you get into the

Methadone program --



DEBBIE BLESSO:  She helped me.



REP. FARR:  Okay.  But it wasn't through the jail -- it

wasn't at the --



DEBBIE BLESSO:  No. They didn't help me do nothing.



REP. FARR:  Okay.



DEBBIE BLESSO:  Back then when you get out of jail it

was at least a year waiting list to get on it.



REP. FARR:  And the Methadone Program, is that in

Hartford that you are in?



DEBBIE BLESSO:  Yeah.



REP. FARR:  And you have to go there how many times a

week do you go?



DEBBIE BLESSO:  I go every day.



REP. FARR:  You go every day?  So you are still

monitored.  Okay.  And are you employed now?



DEBBIE BLESSO:  I get two take homes. I am building up

my take home.



REP. FARR:  And are you employed now?



DEBBIE BLESSO:  No.  I am on social security.



REP. FARR:  Okay.  Thank you.



SEN. HARP:  Thank you.  Representative Winkler.



REP. WINKLER:  Thank you, Madam Chairman.  Debbie, thank

you for coming before us today and sharing your

story.



DEBBIE BLESSO:  You are welcome.



REP. WINKLER:  I would like to say part of the problem

is the fact that we don't have any substance abuse

beds for women in this State.



DEBBIE BLESSO:  Yes, that's true.



REP. WINKLER:  Unless they are pregnant.  And I think

that's a real --



DEBBIE BLESSO:  It's not right.



REP. WINKLER:  -- that's a major issue.  It is a real

crime because there are all kinds of beds for men,

but nothing for women.  And until we beef up that

area, we are going to have a lot more problems.



But thank you and I think that that's part of the

problem.



YOLANDA REDIN:  Can I say one thing?  As far as the

children -- they were talking about the kids and

their statistics, I think reading in and out of a

book -- there's nothing to be said for that.

Unless you've been through it, you don't know what

it's all about and I think as you look into

somebody recovering, maybe talking to these kids

and letting them know what the streets are like and

what it's like to survive in the streets and living

in rat infested buildings, putting your head down

wherever you can.  Do you know what I am saying?

And maybe that would be more use to a kid than

somebody talking to them because they read it out

of a book, they know something, you know.  Unless

you've been there and experienced it, you'll never

understand it.  You know what I am saying?



Thank you.



SEN. HARP:  Thank you.  Are there further questions?  If

not, thank you very much.



Peter Rost