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Major Studies of Drugs and Drug Policy
Technologies for Understanding and Preventing Substance Abuse and Addiction

TECHNOLOGIES FOR UNDERSTANDING AND PREVENTING SUBSTANCE ABUSE AND ADDICTION

US Government Office of Technology Assessment

October 18, 1994


Contents

1 Executive Summary

  • Root Causes
  • Necessary Preconditions
  • Individual Factors
  • Community Contexts
  • Policy Options

2 Introduction

  • Root Causes
  • What Are Substance Abuse and Addiction
  • Magnitude of the Problem
  • Measuring Substance Use and Abuse
  • Organization and Scope of the Report

Part I: Necessary Preconditions

3 Biology and Pharmacology

  • Drug Action
  • Genetic Factors
  • Role of Learning
  • Summary

4 Availability

  • Availability
  • Are Drugs Readily Available
  • Marketing
  • Summary

5 Substance Use and Transitions to Abuse and Addiction

  • Substance Use
  • Stages in the Initiation of Use
  • Stages in the Cycle of Use, Abuse, and Addiction
  • Stages in Problem Behaviors
  • Key Aspects of Use
  • Summary

Part II: Individual Factors

6 Individual Risk and Protective Factors

  • Demographics
  • Economics
  • Psychosocial/Behavioral
  • Summary

Part III: Activity Settings

7 Ethnographic Drug Studies

  • Ethnographic Studies of Alcohol and Other Drug Use
  • Social Context of Drug Use
  • Poverty, Racism, and Cycle of Abuse
  • Future Research
  • Summary

8 Community Activity Settings

  • Homes and Families
  • Schools and Peers
  • Workplaces
  • Recreational Settings
  • Planning, Implementing, and Evaluating Community-wide Programs
  • Summary

9 Policy Options

  • Federal Focus and Prevention Program Structure
  • Research Needs
  • Community Activity Settings
  • Availability

APPENDICES

A Drug Control Policy in the United States: Historical Perspectives

B Federal Programs: Prevention and Causation

C Perspectives on Defining Substance Abuse

D List of Contracts

E List of Workshops and Participants

F Acknowledgments

References

The Report in PDF File Format

Full Report ~3999K
Front Matter ~117K
Table of Contents ~98K

Chapters
1: Executive Summary ~608K
2: Introduction ~400K
Part I: Necessary Preconditions ~87K
3: Biology and Pharmacology ~285K
4: Availability ~370K
5: Substance Use and Transitions to Abuse and Addiction ~240K
Part II: Individual Factors ~86K
6: Individual Risk and Protective Factors ~466K
Part III: Activity Settings ~86K
7: Ethnographic Drug Studies ~311K
8: Community Activity Settings ~579K
9: Policy Options ~155K

Appendixes
A: Drug Control Policy in the United States: Historical Perspectives ~125K
B: Federal Programs: Prevention and Causation ~145K
C: Perspectives on Defining Substance Abuse ~126K
D: List of Contracts ~92K
E: List of Workshops and Participants ~107K
F: Acknowledgments ~96K
G: References ~981K
Index ~294K



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